On Tuesday, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees released the statistics on global asylum trends for 2009.

Somewhat predictably, a lot of fuss has been made about the increase in asylum applications received by Australia. While numbers of asylum seekers globally have remained steady, Australia has seen a 30 per cent increase. A crude reading of this statistic may seem to support the “pull factor” argument, namely that Australian domestic legislation, not international situations, is to blame for seemingly large increases in the number of asylum applications.
But statistics, and percentages in particular, can be misleading. Australia receives so few applications for asylum that a 30 per cent increase means only 1400 additional people sought asylum here last year, as compared to 2008.
To put this number into perspective, in 2009 the USA, France and the UK, were among the countries that received over 30,000 applications for asylum. Hypothetically, a 30 percent increase in those countries would have meant an additional 14,868, 10,620 and 9,396 asylum applications respectively.
Clearly it is far less likely that these countries will experience a 30 per cent increase year-on-year, because the numbers are so high.
In contrast, it is purely because the number of asylum seekers coming to Australia was so small in 2008, that the percentage increase appears so large. In the global context, an increase of 1400 people over a one year period is negligible. Unless observed over a number of years, it also cannot be said to constitute a trend.
Highlighting this 30 per cent figure takes the Australian section of the UNHCR report completely out of context. It also ignores the overall message of the report which is that in global and regional terms, Australia continues to receive a very small number of asylum applications.
A more meaningful statistic provided in the UNHCR report is that in 2009, out of 377,200 people who sought asylum throughout the industrialised world, only 6170 did so in Australia. For anyone still fixated on percentages, that’s a mere 1.6 per cent.
Despite the small numbers of people seeking asylum in Australia, the issue continues to generate heated debate – particularly in this, an election year. Overwhelmingly, the debate focuses on how best to deter persecuted people around the world from seeking protection in Australia.
This focus on preventing asylum seekers from coming to Australia ignores a simple reality - as long as there are people facing severe persecution, there will be people who flee to safety; and as long as Australia remains a safe, stable country, and a signatory to the Refugee Convention, some people are going to come here.
The reasons people flee their homelands, the “push factors”, have not changed. Instability, conflict, persecution and political oppression remain rife in many countries, including Iraq, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and China.
Most asylum seekers coming to Australia are from the Asia Pacific region. Asylum seekers from countries such as Colombia, Mali and Ghana rarely, if ever, attempt to travel to Australia to seek asylum. These countries were among those that generated dramatically less asylum seekers in 2009.
Despite the decrease in some countries, the overall number of asylum applications remained steady because several other countries produced significantly larger numbers. Afghanistan was one of those countries. The ongoing violence and conflict there in 2009 resulted in 45 per cent more Afghans seeking asylum in the industrialised world - an additional 8,300 people.
Desperate people seeking to exercise their fundamental human right to asylum take whatever options are available to them. For some people that option is Australia. Only a handful of countries in the Asia Pacific region have signed the Refugee Convention, and of those countries, only Australia and New Zealand properly respect the rights of refugees, and offer long term protection and resettlement.
Australia, as a signatory to the UN Refugee Convention, has made a commitment to assess all asylum applications, and to protect those found to be genuine refugees. Australia has an international obligation to honour this commitment.
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