Australia’s anti-terror laws, ten years old this year, were spawned out of a political atmosphere that was emotionally charged after the horror of 9/11. The consequence of this has been to criminalise thought and speech.

It has been to ensure that guilt by association becomes a useful tool for security agencies and police forces. Politicians and police force chiefs, desperately wanting to sound tough on terror, use any arrests made under these laws to make exaggerated claims about the circumstances of the arrests and to undermine the presumption of innocence.
The laws’ existence is justified even today on the grounds that a terrorist threat casts a pall over Australia and therefore we need to use the criminal process to trample on ancient rights.
(Greg Barns features in the documentary, The Trial, broadcast tonight at 9.30pm on SBS ONE.)
The 2008 trial of 12 men from Melbourne’s northern and western suburbs, and the events leading up to it, touched on each of the issues raised above. Led by a spiritual teacher Abdul Nacer Benbrika, these men were tried on a range of terrorism offences, including preparing for a terrorist act and being members of a terrorist organisation. Five were acquitted after the eight month Supreme Court trial and the others appealed their convictions and sentence. They were given jail terms ranging from three to 15 years.
When these men were arrested in November 2005 there was a media frenzy. Both Victoria’s then Premier Steve Bracks and the Police Commissioner Christine Nixon undermined the presumption of innocence. “This is obviously a serious incident which has been disrupted. The public can be assured more broadly that we have authorities working together who can detect these matters before they occur, and that is enormous comfort to the Australian population,” Mr Bracks said. Ms Nixon said that police “were concerned that an attack was imminent”.
As the evidence unfolded during pre-trial and then trial proceedings over the course of the next three years it became clear that there was no imminent terrorist attack being planned by these men. Instead the evidence was that the seven men convicted of terrorism offences were a group which socialised together and who met with Mr Benbrika and among themselves and discussed, among various things, the concept of using violent acts to achieve “justice” for Muslims in Iraq, Afghanistan and elsewhere.
Some of these men downloaded videos and reading material from the internet which dealt with that topic and went on fishing and camping trips together. They had not selected any target and had no explosives or other material to carry out an attack.
One might ask how can a person be charged with a serious criminal offence for speaking, thinking but not doing? And should a person be criminalised for being present when discussions expressing sympathy for or even endorsing violence and terrorist acts are held?
The anti-terror laws, as those men convicted in the Benbrika trial and in other terrorism trials around Australia have discovered, broadens the notion of criminal responsibility to an extraordinary degree. The justification for this is that acts of terror are so shocking that the criminal law must step in early to prevent acts occurring.
The inherent difficulty with such laws is that they lead to injustice. The case of three Melbourne men charged in 2007 with being members of the LTTE or Tamil Tigers was a case in point. It is arguable that these charges were simply a reflection of Australian government support for the Sinhalese government in Sri Lanka which was involved in a brutal war against the Tamil Tigers.
The men were charged after the Sri Lankan High Commissioner complained to the Howard government that members of the Tamil community were raising funds for tsunami relief, but in reality the funds were being sent to the Tamil Tigers to prosecute their military campaign. There was no evidence that these men were supporting terrorist activity yet they were charged.
Yet a recent review of the Intelligent services in Australia undertaken by one of the architects of the anti-terror laws, the former Secretary of the Attorney-General’s department Rob Cornall and management consultant Rufus Black concluded that “the legal framework that enshrines that balance [between individual rights and security] is sound and does not need any adjustment at present.” That the Canberra security elite and their political masters think this is the case is profoundly disturbing.
One is also entitled to ask whether or not there has been exaggeration on the part of ASIO, police and politicians about the level of terrorism related activity in Australia. Last week Charles Kurzman from the University of North Carolina published a report showing that the threat of a terrorist attack in that country since 9/11 had been exaggerated. Kurzman observed that the US government’s terror alerts create “a sense of heightened tension that is out of proportion to the actual number of terrorist attacks in the United States since 9/11”.
The anti-terror laws are now a decade old. We ought to use this dubious anniversary to repeal their most inhumane and illiberal aspects. And we can do so safe in the knowledge that Australia will remain safe and secure, and better still will have resurrected its tarnished liberal democratic values.
Greg Barns is a barrister and President of the Australian Lawyer’s Alliance. Barns features in the documentary, The Trial, broadcast tonight at 9.30pm on SBS ONE.
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